Utility providers are not necessarily from a higher power, no pun intended to run. You can not go wrong. They may misinterpret a meter, a cost estimate without examining the counter at all. For this reason, food service managers should be the way to read their own electric meter and the measured values with the costs when they arrive to compare. Not only do you always have the power company in an honest way, you can load the table and see if you have the power conservation measures are implementedwork from week to week.
In a well managed operation counts on regular basis, usually every week or every two weeks. Another purpose of these measurements would have no problem using energy to diagnose. And 'essay, an individual, since the "energy experts" for the name of the company so that he or she can take responsibility for this and for negotiations with service companies for greater savings.
In several places, including a restaurant chain, may be usefulHiring a coordinator of energy management that can handle these things on behalf of all places. Independent companies also monitor and control electricity bill for a percentage of savings achieved. Costs must be controlled for two types of errors: calculation errors (incorrect addition or subtraction) and the classification error (charged an apartment rather than a market rate).
Here you will find thousands of RU. Almost allhas a slightly different type of conversion used in electric utility bills, and almost all companies with an account of the different restaurant than it costs a residence. However, there are two main parts of the electricity bill of each restaurant:
1 The cost of energy (consumption tax) is the total amount of electricity in the billing period ever.
2 The need to charge (capacity charge) which is the maximum amount of electricity during peak hours in use forPeriods. The question is how much energy that at some point in time, related equipment in the direction of the electric program (also commonly known as the grid) of the business is necessary. And 'in kilowatts. The application must not refer to electricity, the use of energy in a period of time and can be confused measured in kilowatt hours.
To illustrate the difference, requires an electrical device that is 30 kilowatts (kW) 30 kWPower if the operating system. If it works for 1 hour, using 30 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity. If it works for 20 hours, using 600 kWh of energy, but is still 30 kW. Now let's look at different pricing request on behalf of a utility company to do.
The energy company needs to produce sufficient generation capacity, which need a lot of electricity to customers in the range of kilowatt hours, but the amount of demand that can be placed onthe program at any time. Let's say our imaginary performance Organization, Inc. has only two customers. A customer has a load of 50 kW, the other required 24 hours a day.
Its total consumption of 1200 kilowatt hours (kWh) multiplied by 24 or 50. To serve a customer, the power should have the organizational capacity to generate, transmit and distribute electricity to 50 kW.
Customer B also uses a complete electrical power of 1200 kW, but this use is only sixseveral hours a day, equivalent to 200 kW 1200 kW for 6 hours.
To serve, client B, Power Company, Inc. is the ability to generate are transferred, and deliver 200 kW or four times the load required for client A. Therefore, the total cost to the customer B are much larger than A. The customer is not a fair price for the excessive spike greater than B, then B is a customer demand more taxes as a customer A customer pays the costs accurately, both the capacity and demand mustmeasured, and this is done by the shipyard.
A meter is an electric motor with a large circular disk that rotates as the energy through it. Here you will find four types of meters. On three of them, remember you will see a variety of scales, dials. The dials feature the number of rotations of the glass. You are responsible for the distribution of electricity in office two ways: the kilowatt hour (kWh) or kilowatt-amperes (kVA). A kilowatt is 1,000 watts, so a kilowatt hour is the timelasts up to 1000 watts used.
A kilovolt is 1,000 volts, so that a kilovolt ampere-is the "push" you need to drive to 1000 volts in the veins. A meter keeps track of or kilowatt hours, or kilovolt-amperes. On a kilowatt-hour meters, there are only a series of dials. This rate is used when the program is based only on kilowatt hours used. Likely to possess this type of meter to your home.
The second type of device is known as a gauge of demand. As you just learned, customer A andB monitors, utilities (and bigger prizes for the costs), use what they think "too much" electricity for businesses during peak periods. Or 30-minute intervals - perhaps the only yardstick to measure the demand for the 15 random, however, has a hand that moves within the maximum requirement of the position, probably to record most of the energy that was used and a 'other hand, the increase or decrease in demand for electricity remains.
It 'through a reset button on the meter reading by either you ortheir normal ride. Ask your meter reader just as your feet need to investigate because there are many different models. Some are set to zero after each measurement, the others are cumulative. The counter can have two rows of dials. The top line is a kilowatt-hour meters, the bottom line is the need for meters. In commercial buildings, you can have two separate meters, the type of combination meters.
The digital display is the last beautiful as the easiest to read. It looks like (and is readexactly the same way) the odometer on a car odometer. Regardless, subtract the meter data type you have the first reading, to take (at the beginning of the month, for example) read the next (for example, two weeks later), the total number of kilowatt hours used quite get that time.
Some meters are these words to them, "Multiply all the readings of ___ If yes, should the readings you get from this particular issue, or will not be exactly replicated when learning to ..Read an electric meter is the thing that can be confusing, that the hands on the dials rotate in opposite directions from each other. To find out how each hand turns, look to the same line "Zero" will generally be at the top of the dial.
If the right area "zero" is what we know is turning clockwise, like a normal watch. If the region is on the right side of "zero" 9, we can assume the dial turns counterclockwise. Because there are multiple quadrantsin a row? That amounts to the far right have a 0-10 kilowatt hours of on the left side, from 10 to 100 kilowatt hours, according to the left, from 100 to 1000 kilowatt hours, and so on.
The hand on the face of the extreme right is a complete circle, but the one for his progress immediately to the left a number at a time, as the minute and hour hand of a clock. Exactly the same relationship between the other adjacent quadrants. If the handshows two numbers, read it as the lesser of two numbers.
Most utilities require the installation of a counter question when the maximum power consumption is 10 kilowatts or more during their peak period, usually from noon to 20.00 clock on weekdays. This type of energy known as peak load. Whether you are in a state in which deregulated the electricity industry or not, depends on the pricing structure of each producer a bit ', especially demand charges.Some questions should vary with the season.
Other people use a formula based on the relationship between the level of demand and the actual amount of energy used. Still others will be necessary to impose a minimum charge based on the period of use of energy (in the middle of winter in a very cold climate) and provide customers pay each month. This practice
is known as a ratchet clause, and it is understandably unpopular because demand is high in 1 month in a rowhigher charges during the remainder of the year.
Because energy costs can vary greatly from season to season, the power should prepare an analysis fee for each restaurant, with its power consumption is a guideline. It is a sort of overview of billing rates and rules offered by the provider. The collective analysis should be reviewed (and modified if necessary) when significant changes in the operations of the restaurant, or utilities, the rate ofStructure.
Significant changes in the implementation of a program of energy savings or restructuring extended. The document can be several pages long, but it is important to have this information on paper. Another item on the electric charges that must be monitored at regular intervals, it can be sales tax imposed by your area
City or state. You can apply for tax benefits for costs, if you use electricity (or gas) for the "treatment" foods.
"Treatment"defined, which is brought for such purposes, such as changing the implementation of an operation in a physical or chemical. In a restaurant, this most types of preparation and cooking oven, frying, chop, chop, mix and fry. It would not have been heard, the food hot or cold (because no chemical change happens to them at that point), heating or air conditioning, dishwasher, or enlightenment.
There is no separate meter for nonexempt and exempt uses of power, isyou to show why the restaurant owner that much more than half of your utility for the treatment of (free) purposes. If possible, the entire invoice for sales tax exemption. The energy supplier probably has information about this topic and brochures that explain the health care costs and how to investigate written meters. Request information from similar gas and water utilities.
In order to really proactive, it is important to know for which food service managerState and in the vicinity of the codes for the use of electricity, the calibration of instruments, techniques for electrical equipment installation and licensing requirements for electricians. Probably the most reliable regular, the National Electric Code, which, like the wiring needs to be done and what safety precautions should be taken to be specified. The current edition is 2008.
(For people who are building new restaurants that it contains a lot of changes in the code abovethe size of wires, tubes and main switchboards. These changes allow smaller than under the old code would allow, the cost is probably less, so be sure that the architects and designers are familiar with using the latest code.) The code can also be useful when considering new transmission, the existing kitchen.
Most local codes will be adopted by the National Electric Code, as part of the U.S. occupational safety and Health Act(OSHA) and therefore the influence of federal law. Equipment manufacturers and the National Electrical Code in the design of their products. Another agency to the safe use and installation of electrical equipment is involved Underwriters Laboratories (UL).
This organization provides test procedures and test equipment for compliance with its own set of rigorous standards. Its standard 197, "Commercial Electric Cooking Appliances", refers to the production of moreappliances in the kitchens of restaurants and coffee machines, food warmers, popcorn machines, tools warms found.
Standard 197 has been recently upgraded for safety of electric heating elements in appliances address. The amendment requires that all "non-metallic materials, including end seals should no longer recognized as their temperature limits." In the last final for the seals (including terminations) were not considered part of a heating element, and its roleis to protect the element from moisture in it. Set 197 is a neighbor confirms online at ul.com / Electronics / Electrical / standards.html.
The UL label means that the equipment meets standards and is safe to use in typical conditions. However, you should do if you see the label, which is the one piece of certified equipment, not just a component, as was the fan convection oven.
